Research article published in the Journal of Asian Regional Orders, September 20, 2026 –
with (Fatemeh Sadeghi SheikhTbaghi, and Mahya Danesh)
Abstract
The Zangezur region has emerged as one of the principal arenas of geopolitical competition in the South Caucasus, where Russia's foreign policy, articulated through competing geopolitical discourses, has profoundly influenced both peacebuilding efforts and the escalation of regional conflicts. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of critical geopolitics, this article examines Russia's representations of Zangezur as part of its historical sphere of influence and analyzes the ways in which Moscow employs both soft and hard power to advance its strategic objectives in the region. On the one hand, Russia emphasizes its role as a peace mediator in an effort to consolidate its position within the security architecture of the South Caucasus. On the other hand, by invoking historical and security narratives, it seeks to strengthen its influence over regional transit routes and strategically significant transport corridors. Consequently, the Kremlin's policies have not only reinforced Russia's presence in the South Caucasus but have also shaped regional dynamics and influenced the strategic calculations of other regional powers. As a regional power, Iran has likewise developed a distinct geopolitical discourse that portrays Zangezur as a vital communication corridor and a key element in maintaining the regional balance of power in the South Caucasus. Recognizing the area's strategic significance, the Islamic Republic of Iran has pursued policies aimed at preserving its access to regional trade routes while preventing geopolitical isolation. The article argues that the interaction and contestation of geopolitical discourses among Iran, Russia, and other regional actors, particularly Türkiye and Azerbaijan, have not only complicated prospects for sustainable peacebuilding but have also contributed to redefining Iran's position within the security and economic architecture of the South Caucasus.
Keywords: Zangezur Corridor, South Caucasus, Regional Peacebuilding, Strategic Influence, Critical Geopolitics
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