Iran Nuclear Conference 2025, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), signed in 2015, incorporates a Dispute Resolution Mechanism (DRM), commonly referred to as the “snap-back mechanism,” to enforce compliance. However, due to the existing situation and the background of the deal's implementation, this essay argues that while the E3 countries (France, Germany, and the United Kingdom) have the procedural ability to activate this mechanism, such an action would lack validity. Iran’s nuclear advancements since 2018, triggered by the U.S. withdrawal and the E3’s failure to meet their commitments, are all remedial measures permitted under the JCPOA (paragraph #26).
