Essay on Shargh Newspaper, August 16, 2026 -              The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     The reality is that, like individuals, the fate of societies is shaped by a combination of gradualism and apocalypse: "gradualism" in which society inevitably builds various pieces of a civilizational macrostructure with the sweat of its soul, and the accumulation of …

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Essay on The Center for Arab Eurasian Studies (CAES), August 15, 2026 -      How Iran's Wartime Mindset Is Reshaping the Strategic Logic of the Persian Gulf   For decades, policymakers and military strategists in Tehran debated whether the Strait of Hormuz should remain merely a strategic deterrent or evolve into an active instrument of statecraft. Throughout successive crises, Iran generally refrained from employing this leverage, despite frequent political rhetoric …

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"Policy Report" in the PAIAB Think Tank Magazine Magazine No. 1, Summer 2026 -       The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Abstract: No country's foreign policy can be understood and managed competently solely with the two tools of "official positioning" and "rational cost-benefit calculation." These two elements, although necessary, are at best only the surface of the story. The reality …

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Essay on PAIAB website August 1, 2026 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Abstract National interests, in the traditional view, are often limited to the material interests of the nation-state. In this understanding, national interests are placed on a spectrum that includes territorial security and the preservation of territorial integrity on one side, and economic growth, prosperity, and …

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Essay on Donyay-e-Eqtesad Newspaper July 26, 2026 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The Ramadan War, with all its bitterness, had the effect of once again presenting Iran with its regional power; in a way that has led all actors to the conclusion that even with the full support of the United States, confrontation with the Islamic Republic …

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Essay on PAIAB website, written by Sasan Karimi, July 15, 2026 -      The Essay was in Persian and the translation below was done by Ai.   Executive Summary The developments of recent months have shown that the Strait of Hormuz has once again become one of the most important centers of geopolitical and security competition in the periphery of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Intensification of regional tensions, the increased …

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  Essay on PAIAB website, written by Sasan Karimi, April 25, 2026 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Problem Definition Assumptions:   • Within the Trump administration, the view of Iran is not unified but consists of several competing logics; • The confusion of these logics in analysis and messaging causes them to converge against Iran. Policy …

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This essay has been published primarily on CAES, Egypt, and re-printed on PAIAB website March 26, 2026 -      War in the Middle East rarely ends because the parties suddenly discover peace. It ends when exhaustion, risk, and strategic calculation converge. That moment appears to be approaching. Today, an unusual convergence of interests is forming among nearly every major actor involved in the current crisis surrounding Iran. The United States, …

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Essay on Tehran Times dated 2nd Feb. 2026 -      The Greenland debate has exposed something deeper than a transatlantic disagreement over an Arctic territory. It has revealed a widening gap between Europe’s rhetoric and its recent conduct elsewhere in the world - a gap that undermines its credibility far beyond the Arctic. At issue is not whether Greenland’s territorial status should be respected. Under international law, the principle …

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  Essay on PAIAB website written by Sasan Karimi, dated January 31, 2026 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Policy Issue One of the fundamental challenges of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy is the dominance of the “logic of necessity” over the “logic of authenticity” in defining and sustaining foreign ties. In practice, a significant …

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  Essay on PAIAB website written by Sasan Karimi, dated January 29, 2026 -         The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Policy Issue Formulation     The US National Security Strategy 2025 should be seen not simply as a policy text, but as a sign of the redefinition of America’s role in the international system. The document reflects …

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  Essay on PAIAB website written by Sasan Karimi, dated January 27, 2026 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Preliminary explanation: This report is based on informal study, observation, and reflections following discussions with Chinese non-governmental parties (including think tanks, universities, companies, etc.) and does not have any governmental or sovereign aspect from any party. The main …

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Essay on the Center of Arabic Eurasian Studies (CAES) website December 13, 2025 -   In the intricate web of Iran's foreign policy, two enduring challenges dominate: its fraught relationship with the United States and the long-standing nuclear impasse. These issues cast a long shadow over regional dynamics, where events in the Middle East often hinge on them, even as international relations resist neat categorizations into independent and dependent variables, unfolding …

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Essay on affarinternazionali website, December 10, 2025 -      Israel–US Attack: A Suspended Equilibrium In the aftermath of the United States re-imposing the six United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolutions and entering a post-war era, the situation in Iran can be characterized as a precarious suspension, which the Supreme Leader described as a profoundly adverse circumstance for the nation. Iranian analysts maintain that control over Western policies lies entirely beyond European …

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Essay on Tehran times September 14,2025 -      Sasan Karimi, PhD. Deputy of International Horizons, PAIAB institute International Politics Program Director, Nuclear Watch Network Assistant Professor, University of Tehran   Introduction The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), established in 1968, continues to serve as the bedrock of international efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons while promoting peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Central to ongoing …

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Essay on IRNA News Agency, September 10, 2025 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The recent agreement between the Iranian Foreign Minister and the Secretary General of the International Atomic Energy Agency was a necessary step in managing Iran's foreign political relations in the current critical situation. At a time when three European countries have implemented the JCPOA …

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  Essay on  Doniya-e-Eqtesad Newspaper August 19, 2025 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   For years, the status of Iran's case in the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has been complicated by various interpretations, accusations, and analyses, and more than just controversy. Interpretations such as "their approach will be completely political and independent of our performance" to "as …

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  Essay on  Website "Khabar Online" August 14, 2025 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   What Mr. Larijani may do in playing a role on fundamental issues of security and foreign policy should not, due to his significant activity, take the Ministry of Foreign Affairs out of the scope of use and even marginalize it.     …

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Friday saw the launch of a new round of talks between Iran and the three European powers—Britain, France and Germany— in Turkey. The European signatories tog the 2015 nuclear deal, known as the JCPOA, entered the negotiations with two main aims. One was to han onto the snapback mechanism enrichened in the tattered deal that would reinstate UN sanctions on Iran if triggered, to prove it still holds weight, and to demonstrate its applicability to the Islamic Republic. The other was to showcase their own role …

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Essay on Donya-e-Eqtesad Newspaper on August 1, 2025 -    On the first anniversary of Dr. Pezeshkian’s administration, it can be said that the hopes of his foreign policy team for a breakthrough in foreign relations have not yet come to fruition. As a member of his foreign policy team during the election campaign, I, along with other esteemed colleagues, devoted significant efforts to transforming Iran’s foreign policy and opening …

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Essay on "Donyay-e-Eqtesad" newspaper, July 26, 2025 -    The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The primary focus of Iran’s current foreign policy is the potential activation of the JCPOA Dispute Resolution Mechanism, commonly referred to as "snapback." Setting aside its use in domestic political disputes, which is not the concern of this author, the main questions revolve around why the …

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Essay on IRNA 26th July 2025 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   These days, the most attention regarding nuclear diplomacy issues revolves around the "snapback" or the Dispute Resolution Mechanism of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The first reality is that the United States' withdrawal from the JCPOA, coupled with the relatively neutral and, in practice, passive …

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 Essay on Iran Daily, Monday, 14th July 2025 -            Following a 12-day military conflict involving Iran, Israel, and the United States, marked by the US strikes using heavy ordnance, including bunker-busting bombs, on Iran’s nuclear facilities, a renewed phase of securitization targeting Iran’s nuclear program has emerged. This escalation, driven primarily by the United States, European nations, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), follows a …

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  Essay on Donya-e-Eqtesad Newspaper, Dated June 24, 2025 -      Israel's Attack on Iran Led to a War with Similar and Distinct Characteristics Compared to the Iran-Iraq War   The most significant similarities between these two wars are their imposed nature, suddenness, the aggressor's pretext, and, most importantly, substantial support for the aggressor. Comparative Analysis of the Two Imposed Wars Just as in the first week of October 1980, we …

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Essay on Russia Today, 24th June 2025 -    The IAEA chief’s ambiguous language helped justify illegal military action By Sasan Karimi, adjunct professor at the University of Tehran Faculty of World Studies and International Politics Program Director at the Nuclear Watch Network.   Israel’s military actions against Iran have significantly destabilized the Middle East, driven by concerns over Iran’s nuclear capabilities. These events, rooted in historical tensions, are irreversible and have reshaped regional dynamics. …

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Essay on IRNA News Agency June 14, 2026 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Information about the details of the Zionist regime's attacks on the Islamic Republic of Iran is not very extensive as of the time of writing this note. However, at the same time, it can be said that at least three categories of targets were …

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Essay on Iran Daily News, May 27, 2025 -        By Sasan Karimi   Expert on int’l affairs   Negotiation does not equal agreement Recently, within Iran, there has been a misconception that merely engaging in negotiations is some kind of achievement or a sign of inching closer to an agreement; Whereas, “negotiation” does not necessarily mean an agreement is at hand. Countries even hammer out deals during …

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Essay on Tehran Times website May 23, 2025 -  An analysis of E3 compliance and Iran’s responsive measures   The European Trio is now threatening to trigger the snapback and, through that, return UN sanctions against Iran. However, in doing so, Europe is ignoring the current situation and the background of the deal's implementation, which make the procedural ability to activate the mechanism invalid for France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. …

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Essay on Etemad Newspaper, May 4, 2025 -    The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   What unites Iranian society today in a shared narrative is, among other things, the new round of nuclear negotiations with the United States, facilitated by the Sultanate of Oman. The reality is that, given the collective memory of the post-JCPOA era and the period of maximum …

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Note in RT News - April 25th, 2025   By Sasan Karimi, adjunct professor at the University of Tehran Faculty of World Studies and International Politics Program Director at the Nuclear Watch Network Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are solely my own and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of any organization I am affiliated with.   The current phase of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the …

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Essay in Etemaad daily, and reprinted on PAIAB website April 21, 2026 -      The second round of negotiations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States, held in Rome, Italy, under Omani mediation, was particularly significant. Although the circumstances leading to these talks were the product of months of careful effort and deliberation, the first round held in Muscat, Oman, was largely devoted to sounding each other out and assessing the …

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Essay on the newspaper Doniyay-e-Eqtesad, April 16, 2025 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   After the first round of nuclear talks between Iran and the United States in Muscat, the two sides called the talks constructive and scheduled the next round for next week. The society and the market also reacted significantly to this first step by creating hope. …

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Essay on Etemad Newspaper April 15, 2025 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     In politics, including foreign policy, creating a situation is a fundamental topic. The fact is that negotiating with Trump was not an obvious decision; the requirements of national interests required decision-makers to try to present alternative versions in different forms to enlighten the minds …

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Essay on Donyay-e-Eqtesad Newspaper, March 5, 2025 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Donald Trump and his team's behavior with Volodymyr Zelensky, President of Ukraine, revealed a new level of diplomatic impudence; whether in terms of language, personalization of issues, humiliation and content of the negotiation, or even the form and openness of everything that could be …

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Note in Iran Daily News - March 18th, 2025 -      Recently, E3 and Iran were engaged in three rounds of discussions. It seems that the nuclear issue is still occupying a paramount place in any new negotiations. Iran has repeatedly said that stands ready to engage in a fair and objective negotiation. This readiness emanates exclusively from the self-confidence in Tehran—a fact that the global community, especially European administrations, …

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  Essay on Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) February 2, 2025 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   They say that “nothing happens twice in politics,” which of course goes back to an ancient philosophical view that believes that “you cannot step into the same river twice; because the second time, time, water, environment, and everything are different.” Now …

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   Essay in Iran Daily News - September 14th, 2024 -          By Sasan Karimi Foreign policy expert   President Masoud Pezeshkian’s visit to Iraq can be assessed from multiple angles. Firstly, the selection of Iraq as the president’s first foreign destination was a noteworthy choice. Iraq is a neighboring country that enjoys a strong strategic partnership with Iran, and the two countries have a significant level of trade exchanges, with bilateral …

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  Essay on Khabar Online website August 14, 2024 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The prominent diplomats of history were mostly either born in the military, or from families in the field of science and politics, or those who were in business. Seyyed Abbas Araqchi came to politics from a family of businessmen. At the same …

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  Essay on Online News Agency July 25, 2024 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The disappointment of the 13th presidential election and the unrest of the following year, regardless of the subject and its full cause, were the result of four years of activity by these two incompatible but temporarily aligned wings, which brought the development-oriented …

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  Essay on Online News Agency July 20, 2024-        The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The elections are over, and now various issues have replaced all that excitement and anxiety. The reality is that the 14th presidential election was neither the kind of election that led to reforms, nor moderation, nor even anything like the elections three years …

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  Essay on Dr. Masoud Pezzekian's website on July 17, 2024 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Dr. Pezzekian’s note in the Tehran Times is both significant and worthy of consideration in terms of its form and semiotic choices, as well as its content.   The first point is his taste in publishing his first note on foreign …

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  Essay on Jamaran News Agency January 21, 2024 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.       With the issue of the field and diplomacy on the one hand and the attempt to theoretically justify what each side's position is in domestic politics, various issues such as power, deterrence, etc. have been raised in rumors rather …

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  Essay on Hem Mihan Newspaper September 18, 2023 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     With the fundamental changes that have occurred in the social system and value system of a significant part of Iranian society today, and at the same time with all kinds of complexities that are typically considered unnecessary pressures for the …

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  Essay on Hem Mihan Newspaper August 20, 2023 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The news of the agreement to release dual Iranian-American prisoners and the transfer of six billion dollars of Iranian assets from South Korea to Qatar, which was recently broadcast, can be considered a half-step towards de-escalating tensions in the country's foreign relations. The …

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  Essay on Hem Mihan Newspaper July 19, 2023 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Both what happened during the Chinese President's visit last year and the surrounding events, and Russia's recent action in officially supporting the Gulf Cooperation Council's statement on the three Iranian islands, caused confusion and bewilderment in many foreign policy officials, …

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  Essay on Etemad Online Calendar April 1, 2023  -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     In the last few years, what has been heard in the non-professional space regarding foreign policy is a Cold War view of the international environment. Naturally, from such a perspective, the main question will be whether we should go towards the "West" …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper February 19, 2023 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   In recent years, given the centrality of the nuclear issue and the subsequent sanctions imposed on Iran, the very issue of diplomacy as a solution to the problem has become a matter of disagreement between different political tendencies in the country: The basic question …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper December 28, 2023 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Regardless of the official positions regarding the nuclear negotiations that have been going on for about 20 years by different negotiating teams, the fact is that each side of such negotiations and mobilization has pursued its own specific goals. The negotiations have …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper August 27, 2022 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     International relations have had clear articulations in their history: the Treaty of Westphalia, the Congress of Vienna of 1815, the First and Second World Wars, and the collapse of the Soviet Union can be considered the highest of these peaks. But about the …

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  Essay on Cinematic Film Monthly August 22, 2022 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Henas Henas is a custom-made film, but at the same time, due to the subject and the acting of Behrouz Shoaibi and especially Merila Zarei, it can take the viewer with it to some extent. The subject is about one of …

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  Essay on Etemad Online August 5, 2022 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   After the hopes that had been raised before the Doha talks were disappointed, the negotiating team of the 13th government is once again heading to Vienna; negotiations that seem to be following a renewed attempt by the European Union coordinator to bring the …

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Essay on Etemad Newspaper July 3, 2022 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   In this case, it is also unclear how long this small increase in negotiating leverage on the nuclear issue should continue? Where is the line that, if we reach it, will the other side be forced not only to give in to our concerns …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper June 7, 2022 -            The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     The fact is that the new nuclear news does not smell good. Earlier, the Ukrainian war and the shadow that the change in the balance of power among the countries involved in the negotiations to revive the JCPOA was written …

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Essay on the monthly film cinema magazine June 2022 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The Loser uses the image of Javad Ezzati in the advertisement, which the general audience and cinema fans generally have a good image of his acting, but at the same time, this trump card makes the filmmaker's job difficult and can also …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper May 22, 2022 -            The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     It is obvious that the conditions of the world and international relations are never fixed and static relationships, and this dynamic in international equations potentially contains both opportunities and threats. In the issue of the negotiations to revive the JCPOA, …

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Essay on Etemad Newspaper May 16, 2022 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   A topic called brain drain, or to put it mildly, the migration of elites, has been circulating since before the revolution. To address this issue truly and expertly, we must first review the definitions: What is commonly understood by “elite” is the winners of student …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper May 7, 2022 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.       The silence in the foreign policy space, especially the negotiations to revive the JCPOA, which have been suspended for several months, has created an uncertain and suspended atmosphere in society. There is nothing wrong if the 13th government announces complete …

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Essay on Etemad Newspaper, April 3, 2022 -      The original text is in Persian and the translation below was done by Ai.   The year 1400 began with a thousand fears and more hopes regarding the nuclear negotiations and ended with the same fears and fewer hopes. In the last days of Esfand, although the nuclear negotiations were constantly getting cold and hot, eventually, due to what was …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper March 15, 2022 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The current state of the world is more like the movies that we, the inhabitants of the world today, have seen than our direct experience: movies and stories about the unbelievable beginning of World War II and the German invasion of Poland and other …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper March 9, 2022 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Similar to the shocking news that Donald Trump's victory was for Iranian public and political opinion and around the JCPOA, his defeat and Joe Biden's victory also addressed Iranian society and public opinion in the same way, but in the opposite direction. Since …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper January 27, 2022 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     One of the differences in the tactics adopted by the new nuclear negotiation team compared to the previous one is the lack of much daily news coming out of the negotiations. This, of course, makes the work somewhat easier and brings …

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  Essay on Sharq Newspaper January 25, 2022 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     One of the characteristics and features of our society today is the massification of the country's foreign policy. In the sense that society has become more sensitive to foreign relations than can be found in other societies or even in our …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper, January 5, 2022 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   During the eighth round of the JCPOA revival talks in Vienna, it still seems difficult to analyze what is going on, given the limited and highly managed information obtained from Iranian sources within the talks. It is as if analyzing the situation “from the …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper November 21, 2021 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Diplomacy, as one of the applied branches of the humanities, is one of the most important tools of governments to develop and advance their positions and interests in international relations, including foreign policy. Of course, in its general sense, diplomacy is an everyday and …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper November 4, 2021 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Three months have passed since the 13th government of Annan took office in mid-August, and there is still no news of a new strategy on foreign policy, especially the nuclear negotiations. What has happened are two trips between Iran and the European Union at …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper November 2, 2021 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Background and explanation of the issue: In recent days, the nuclear issue and the negotiations to revive the JCPOA have returned to the news and activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. An issue that has continuously affected life in Iran for about eighteen …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper October 23, 2021 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Iran's foreign policy is taking shape today after the change of government. Of course, according to the procedure and in accordance with the constitution, the general line of foreign policy is determined in the upstream institutions and as a result, they …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper, October 2, 2021 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   After the change of government and ministers in midsummer, it can be said that attending the annual session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York was the first appearance of the new government and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in international forums: an event …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper July 25, 2021 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Theoretical perspective: Today, as we are on the verge of handing over the country's executive helm to the winner of the 13th presidential election, and in terms of the negotiations to revive the JCPOA in Vienna, everything is dependent on these changes in …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper April 24, 2021 -          The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     As quiet as the atmosphere around the JCPOA and the possible return of Iran and the US to their commitments under this action plan was last year, since the middle of the Nowruz holidays, significant changes have occurred in this area …

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         Essay on Shargh Newspaper April 15, 2021 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     If we consider the timing of the series of anti-security actions attributed to Israel in Iran, most of them date back to two time periods. One between 2009 and 2010 and the other from July 2011 to the present: …

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        Essay on Etemad Newspaper, April 8, 2021 -                The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Now that Iran’s negotiations with the Joint Commission on the JCPOA are underway, the analyst has more scope to analyze Iran’s foreign relations. In the few days since the new year, foreign policy has had two …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper March 1, 2021 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   With the conditions that have arisen in Washington and the Biden administration’s other policies in the diplomatic arena, of course, some expected the United States’ return to the JCPOA, like the return to the Paris Climate Agreement and the like, to be carried …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper March 2021 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   These days, as the Biden administration has settled in Washington and the election noise in the United States has subsided, one of the main topics of discussion in the new administration's foreign policies is, of course, Iran, the nuclear deal and its peripheral issues. The …

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    Essay on Etemad Newspaper, January 25, 2021 -                    The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Now that Biden has come to power in the United States as expected and, despite the different tendencies in the Democratic Party, his chosen national security and foreign policy team has been seen as the most …

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      Essay on Shargh Newspaper, January 18, 2021 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   In recent days, due to Ms. Faezeh Hashemi's comments regarding the desire for Trump to win the US presidential election and its aftermath, the question has been raised again as to how one can achieve a real classification regarding this election in …

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Essay on Etemad Newspaper, January 6, 2021 -      Many books and articles have been written on the US-Iran relationship. Anyways, this issue like other topics in the humanities is fluid and with significant changes according to the in circumstances. It always seems necessary to re-think previous positions. Now that in the recent history of these relations, we see reduction of tensions such as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action …

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Essay on Etemad Newspaper December 13, 2020 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Not long ago, Dr. Javad Ejei passed away. May his memory be cherished. His important role was in (probably) conceptualizing and establishing SAMPAD: an organization that today, after about 32 years of its establishment, not much remains. SAMPAD's quantitative and measurable success was strange immediately after …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - November 12, 2020 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The first fact is that the internal affairs of any country, including the United States, are inherently independent of others, and therefore our opinion about and addressed to the US President-elect can only be heard from a national perspective or as an …

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Essay on Etemad Newspaper, November 8, 2020 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The Trump era, like many crises in contemporary history, has passed, and now politicians from other countries around the world are discussing planning for relations with the upcoming government in Washington, which will probably be a government of professionals, as it should be. Friendship or …

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Essay on Etemad Newspaper, November 5, 2020 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   As the controversial US presidential election approaches, more speculation and rumors are heard in the news every day. If we look at the past thirty years, that is, after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, we can intuitively …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper October 28, 2020 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   On the eve of the tumultuous elections in the United States of America, which will either end the presence of the most controversial president of this country or continue it for another term, the situation in Iran is also getting hotter every day. In …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper September 28, 2020 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Today, Iran's foreign policy has become a scene of repeated positions and simultaneous silence and expectation due to various circumstances. Who does not know that more than anything else, this upcoming election in Washington will affect the major decisions of Iran's foreign policy …

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  Essay on Etemad Newspaper, July 5, 2020 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     The Security Council meeting on the JCPOA and Resolution 2231 is an event that occurs twice a year, and the members of the Council, along with the Iranian representative, express their positions on this issue. Although these official statements of positions, …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper, July 5, 2020 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   It is said in history that at least since the Safavid era, when European orientalists first set foot in Iran, Iranians, who avoided returning trips as much as possible and considered it a futile task, had a highly suspicious view of the good intentions of …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper, June 6, 2020 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     For those familiar with game theory, especially those in international relations, the name of a puzzle – a model of reciprocal action – is familiar, namely the two prisoners’ puzzle, which shows how the egocentrism of two people in an unknowing relationship can …

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  Essay on Sharq Newspaper, April 12, 2020 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The global problem of Corona, which has spread unprecedentedly in recent weeks and has particularly affected most developed and semi-industrialized countries, has raised another issue at a higher level, in addition to the health, economic, and human impacts it has had. It is …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper April 12, 2020 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The year 1998 was not a special year for us from the point of view of foreign relations, and what happened was mainly a result of the issues of the previous year: maintaining the level of effective sanctions by the United States and to some …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - February 8, 2020 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Last week, following the interview of our country's Foreign Minister with the German magazine Spiegel, a noisy atmosphere was created for him and the apparatus under his management. Regardless of the atmosphere and details related to its domestic policy, we should always use …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - January 28, 2020 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Is the JCPOA approaching its final stage? What benefit does what is today have from what was? Is the JCPOA, with all its ups and downs, a successful experience for Iran's foreign policy or the failure of a hope? In any case, analyzing …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper-December 17, 2019 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Can Japan play the role of mediator between Iran and the United States? This question and its implications are becoming more and more the subject of speculation as the president and his delegation’s trip to Tokyo nears at the end of this month. It seems …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper-December 8, 2019 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Certainly, one of the most important affairs of the country in recent years and at the present time is foreign relations. This issue has gone beyond its classical level and is more important for our conditions. Because almost a large part of the pressure …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - October 28, 2019 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   International politics in its empirical and general sense is inherently both formative and evolving, and based on reality and practice. One of the important changes that have occurred in the international system in the four decades since the revolution is the transition …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - October 6, 2019 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The past weeks have been full of important events and moments in Iranian diplomacy: from the telephone talks between the presidents of Iran and France, which showed the seriousness of the parties in advancing the talks towards a common outcome, to the …

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Essay on Shargh Newspaper - September 11, 2019 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Following the news about Paris last week, one of the most important was seen in the news, which was the negotiation of the Foreign Minister in Beijing on the twenty-five-year plan of the strategic alliance between Iran and China. A strategic alliance with …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - September 4, 2019 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Last week, due to the events in the text and the margins of the Group of Seven meeting in Paris, for us Iranian audiences, a political news story began and continued, even for hours the excitement of news and lack of news …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - August 18, 2019 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation is by Ai.   After weeks of British coercion and semi-open US support, the Grace 1 tanker came close to being released, with the Gibraltar court chief ignoring an informal US request, although efforts to re-seize it have since continued. But so far, the fragile but nonetheless acquired …

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  Essay on Hamdeli Newspaper - July 26, 2019 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   With the rise in tensions between Iran on the one hand and the United States and recently Britain on the other, all in the Persian Gulf, and with the approaching Hajj season, we are clearly witnessing a change in the public policy of …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - July 25, 2019 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     More than a year has passed since the United States withdrew from the JCPOA, while Trump was clearly inclined to do so since the beginning of the current president's presidency. It is clear that the context of this effort to leave the …

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  Essay on Hamdeli Newspaper - July 25, 2019 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Gando was a different series, and the first difference was in its audience and goals. Although at the time of the series' launch, its audience was the usual general audience for television series, it soon became clear that the series had a specific …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - June 25, 2019 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Shinzo Abe's trip to Tehran has its own characteristics and specifics that have been repeatedly discussed in Persian-language media. However, what seems to be the case in the field of mediation by Japan and others such as Switzerland, Germany, Oman, etc. is that …

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Essay on Shargh Newspaper - June 9, 2019 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The issue of Iran's foreign relations and the escalating challenges between Iran and the United States has become so widespread and public that its dimensions in public opinion are considered one of the major components of the calculations related to it. Therefore, …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - May 12, 2019 -      The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Last week, on the anniversary of the US withdrawal from the JCPOA, we witnessed an aggressive step taken by Iran in the form of Articles 26 and 36 of the JCPOA. So that with the US embargo on the exchange of Iranian nuclear …

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  Essay on Hamdeli Newspaper - May 2, 2019 -              The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   In Iran, after the coup of 18 Mordad 1332 (1953) and with the coincidence of two events, namely the Shah's regained authority on the one hand and the limited increase in the country's income, which continued to increase, a …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - April 20, 2019 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   With the increasing speed of developments between Iran and the United States, as well as the feeling of pressure in society, especially in economic and commercial aspects, which naturally affects other aspects of life, a question is raised among almost all …

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  Essay on Shargh Yearbook -  2018       The original text was in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   On the night of March 22, a headline dominated the news, overshadowing every other news item, even Bashar al-Assad’s quiet trip to Tehran: the resignation of the Foreign Minister. A sudden resignation that was first seen in an Instagram post and then later heard in …

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    Essay on Shargh Newspaper - January 31, 2019 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     As long as the history of foreign policy and international relations, one of the marginal questions in the minds of politicians has been the relationship between domestic and foreign policy. Regardless of what politicians and especially diplomats say in official guise, …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - December 31, 2018 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   A topic that has recently become both questionable and frightening is the presence and occasional appearances of the Foreign Minister in the domestic media space. In this note, we will discuss various aspects of the space that governs domestic and foreign policy and …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - December 22, 2018 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.     Trump has announced his early intention to withdraw his troops from Syria; as they say, suddenly, even to his close friends and, according to statements, to his advisors. As he himself said, in order to save costs, which is also consistent …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - November 24, 2018 -          The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   One of the most key questions that is the introduction to a correct analysis of the foreign policy of a diplomatic apparatus is the question of the theoretical framework that governs it. The theories of international relations, which are derived from …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - October 16, 2018 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   In the past weeks, we have witnessed several events on the international scene: the events in New York, including the speeches of the United Nations General Assembly, the Security Council meeting that the Trump team organized to create an atmosphere against Iran …

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  Essay on Shargh Newspaper - September 30, 2018 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   Threat, damage, challenge or crisis, is the question raised today, after all the explanations, justifications, slanders and criticisms regarding the future and the outcome of the current situation of the country. In fact, the more precise question is what are the approaches facing …

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Essay on Shargh Newspaper - September 12, 2018 -    The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The United Nations Security Council has fifteen members, five of which are permanent members with veto power: China, France, Russia, Britain and the United States, and ten other countries (Bolivia, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, the Netherlands, Peru, Poland and Sweden) are non-permanent …

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  Essay on Hamdeli Newspaper - September 8, 2018 -        The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   The discussion about the country's foreign policy strategy, although it is a completely specialized matter, is of great interest to public opinion, for better or worse. In addition, public opinion is currently naturally or due to the dominant discourse, focused more on …

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  Essay on Hamdeli Newspaper - August 15, 2018 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   In Iranian popular culture, we have heard that "beware of the black and brown people". Regardless of the old and somewhat "race-oriented" appearance of this quote, its underlying layer is worthy of attention as an issue in unofficial history. If we analyze it …

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Eassay on Hamdeli Newspaper, May 14, 2018 -      The original text is in Persian and the following translation was done by Ai.   In the past week, we have witnessed the withdrawal of the United States from the JCPOA and the subsequent reactions, which are very interesting in their own right and require special attention both at the national and elite levels.   What should be noted and …

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